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Passage5AftergraduatingfromtheSwissFederalPolytech...[统招专升本][英语]

更新于:2024-04-26 11:29:58
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Passage5

After graduating from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, Einstein held several teaching jobs and became a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office in Bern, where he remained for six years. The job's great advantage, he later said, as that it gave him time to think about physics.

Between 1901 and 1904, Einstein published five papers on physics. In one paper he virtually proved the existence of molecules, solely by the use of theory; in another, he showed that light is both a wave and a particle.In his sixth paper published in the summer of 1905, he established the outline of his theory of relativity. His arguments radically revised existing concepts of electromagnetism, light, and that the speed of light is constant and that nothing in the universe can travel faster than light. If the velocity of light is constant, then all motion and even time itself must be relative to it. If objects could approach the speed of light, their age, mass, and size would appear very different to a stationary observer than if the objects were moving, at slower speeds. A clock nearing the speed of light would slow down; if it reached the speed of light, time would stand still. Many of his contentions, have been confirmed by subsequent experiments atomic locks in spacecraft of biting the earth, for example, run a fraction of a second more slowly than clocks on each.


【案例题】
【题目】

Einstein spent much time on physics when he _____.

A.

was writing his graduation paper

B.

taught at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School

C.

worked for the Swiss Patent Office

D.

was trying to prove the existence of molecules.

【答案】 C

题意当他_____的时候,爱因斯坦花了很多时间在物理学上

【解析】根据关键词physics物理,可以定位到第一段The job’s great advantage, he later said, as that it gave him time to think about physics.他后来说,这份工作的最大好处是让他有时间思考物理问题。答案就在前文Einstein held several teaching jobs and became a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office in Bern, where he remained for six years.爱因斯坦做了几份教学工作,并在伯尔尼的瑞士专利局担任技术助理,他在那里待了6可知,C选项worked for the Swiss Patent Office在瑞士专利局工作,符合意,正确选项;A选项was writing his graduation paper正在写毕业论文,不符合意;B选项taught at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School在瑞士联邦理工学院任教,不符合意;D选项was trying to prove the existence of molecules试图证明分子的存在,不符合意。



【题目】

According to the passage, Einstein proved the existence of molecules through ______.

A.

the employment of theory

B.

the conduct of experiment

C.

the evidence of light

D.

the research on relativity

【答案】 A

题意】根据文章,爱因斯坦通过_____证明了分子的存在。

【解析】根据关键词existence of molecules分子的存在性,可以定位到第二段In one paper he virtually proved the existence of molecules, solely by the use of theory在一篇论文中,他仅用理论就证明了分子的存在,因此A选项the employment of theory理论的运用符合题意,为正确选项B选项the conduct of experiment实验的进行,不符合意;C选项the evidence of light光的证据,不符合意;D选项the research on relativity相对论的研究,不符合意。



【题目】

Einstein's theory of relativity was basically established on ______.

A.

the behavior of moving bodies

B.

the fact that light is both a wave and particle

C.

the revision of Newtonian physics

D.

the concepts of electromagnetism and light

【答案】 D

题意】爱因斯坦的相对论基本建立在_____

【解析】根据关键词theory of relativity相对论,可以定位到第二段In his sixth paper published in the summer of 1905, he established the outline of his theory of relativity.1905年夏天发表的第六篇论文中,他确立了相对论的大纲,后文具体说明His arguments radically revised existing concepts of electromagnetism, light, and that the speed of light is constant and that nothing in the universe can travel faster than light.他的论点从根本上改变了电磁学、光、光速是恒定的以及宇宙中没有任何东西能比光传播得更快的现有概念,因此,D选项the concepts of electromagnetism and light电磁和光的概念符合题意,为正确选项A选项the behavior of moving bodies运动的物体的行为,不符合意;B选项the fact that light is both a wave and particle光既是波又是粒子的事实,不符合意;C选项the revision of Newtonian physics牛顿物理学的修订版,不符合意。



【题目】

According to Einstein, the age, mass and size of an object would appear different to a stationary observer if ______.

A.

it traveled about the speed of light

B.

it traveled faster than light

C.

it traveled as constantly as light

D.

it traveled along with light

【答案】 A

题意】根据爱因斯坦的理论,如果_____,物体的年龄、质量和大小对静止的观察者来说是不同的

【解析】根据mass and size of an object would appear different to a stationary observer物体的年龄、质量和大小对静止的观察者来说是不同的,可以定位到第二段If objects could approach the speed of light, their age, mass, and size would appear very different to a stationary observer than if the objects were moving如果物体能够接近光速,那么静止的观察者会觉得它们的年龄、质量和大小与运动中的物体大不相同A选项it traveled about the speed of light它以光速飞行,符合题意,为正确选项;B选项it traveled faster than light它比光还快,不符合意;C选项it traveled as constantly as light它像光一样不停地移动,不符合意;D选项it traveled along with light它随着光传播,不符合



【题目】

The word "contention" is closest in meaning to ______.

A.

a proven-theory

B.

a viewpoint in argument

C.

a published paper

D.

a conclusion from experiment

【答案】 A

题意contention一词的意思最接近_____

【解析】根据题目,可以定位到第二段Many of his contentions, have been confirmed by subsequent experiments atomic locks in spacecraft of biting the earth, for example, run a fraction of a second more slowly than clocks on each他的许多论点都被随后的实验所证实,例如,在撞击地球的宇宙飞船中,原子锁的运行速度比每个飞船上的时钟慢几分之一秒,后半句话的例子就验证了爱因斯坦的观点因此,A选项a proven-theory一个被证明正确的理论,符合题意,为正确选项;B选项a viewpoint in argument争论中的观点,不符合意;C选项a published paper发表的论文,不符合意;D选项a conclusion from experiment实验结论,不符合



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